Recent federal government data shows that the country is significantly diverse in its consumption of intoxicating substances.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration annually surveys Americans age 12 and older about whether they use opioid painkillers for non-medical reasons or consume any marijuana, alcohol or cocaine. States are ranked into quintiles based on what proportion of their population uses each substance, thereby creating a “top 10 list” for all four.
Colorado stands out as the only state which is a top consumer of all four substances. The state’s heavy consumption of marijuana is predictable given that the drug is legal there. The other three legalization states are heavy consumers of pot, too (Washington, Alaska and Oregon; the latter is also a leader in non-medical use of prescription opioids). But residents of the mile-high state are also heavy consumers of all non-marijuana intoxicants as well.
Northern New England also has a notable concentration of heavy use, with a cluster of states that are top consumers of multiple substances. Although the opioid overdose crisis in that part of the country has attracted extensive attention, none of the New England states is among the nation’s highest for non-medical consumption of prescription painkillers. Instead, Vermont, Massachusetts and New Hampshire are leading consumers of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, with Maine and Connecticut also being leaders in two of those three. New York, in contrast, is a top consumer of only cocaine.
The variation in substance use pattern across states is produced by differences in state laws, industry regulations, localized traditions, regional illegal drug market dynamics, cultural and religious norms, and the racial, ethnic and economic characteristics of populations.
The optimistic implication is that since cultural and political forces have the power to shape substance consumption patterns, they almost certainly also have the ability to limit the extent to which substance use results in harm to users and those around them.